Hydraulic Control Valves for Forklift

Forklift Hydraulic Control Valve - The function of directional control valves is to direct the fluid to the desired actuator. Normally, these control valves comprise a spool located within a housing made either of steel or cast iron. The spool slides to different locations within the housing. Intersecting grooves and channels route the fluid based on the spool's location.

The spool is centrally located, help in place by springs. In this particular position, the supply fluid could be blocked and returned to the tank. When the spool is slid to one direction, the hydraulic fluid is directed to an actuator and provides a return path from the actuator to tank. If the spool is moved to the opposite side, the return and supply paths are switched. As soon as the spool is allowed to return to the neutral or center location, the actuator fluid paths become blocked, locking it into position.

The directional control is usually intended to be stackable. They generally have a valve for each hydraulic cylinder and one fluid input that supplies all the valves inside the stack.

In order to avoid leaking and handle the high pressure, tolerances are maintained extremely tight. Usually, the spools have a clearance with the housing of less than a thousandth of an inch or 25 µm. In order to prevent jamming the valve's extremely sensitive parts and distorting the valve, the valve block would be mounted to the machine' frame with a 3-point pattern.

Mechanical levers, solenoids or a hydraulic pilot pressure could actuate or push the spool right or left. A seal enables a part of the spool to protrude outside the housing where it is easy to get to to the actuator.

The main valve block controls the stack of directional control valves by capacity and flow performance. Some of these valves are designed to be proportional, like a valve position to the proportional flow rate, whereas other valves are designed to be on-off. The control valve is one of the most sensitive and expensive parts of a hydraulic circuit.

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